逐级加载下浅埋软岩隧道动力破坏振动台试验

浅埋隧道围岩的质量普遍较低,整体稳定性差,隧道震害表明强震作用下浅埋隧道极易发生震动破坏。通过开展V级围岩条件下浅埋隧道在小震下的震动响应和逐级加载下的震动垮塌振动台试验,研究了小震作用下围岩加速度沿地层的分布、衬砌结构的内力变化和围岩内部的水平位移变化规律,强震作用下衬砌结构裂缝开展和围岩震动垮塌。结果表明:围岩加速度随距地表距离的减小而增加,地表加速度约为拱顶处加速度的1.63倍,相同高度平面内靠近隧道的围岩振动具有一定的加强;隧道拱顶围岩内部的水平位移大约是拱腰围岩内部的1.23倍,围岩内部位移随着远离隧道而逐渐减小,随着震动烈度的增加而不断增加;隧道拱顶上方垮塌区形状近似漏斗,震动引起隧道衬砌结构拱脚处的轴力和弯矩变化最大,且拱肩和拱脚处裂缝分布最多,应加强拱肩和拱脚处结构的抗震性能。     

Effect of current density on the corrosion protection performance of polyaniline coated AISI 4140 steel

The present work reports on electropolymerisation of aniline onto AISI 4140 steel substrate at room temperature in oxalic acid media by the potentiodynamic electrodeposition method. The effect of coating current density on the morphology of conductive polymer films and their corrosion behaviour has been investigated. The electrolyte solution comprised 0.1 M aniline?+?0.3 M oxalic acid. The effects of deposition current density changes (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5?mA cm^?2) on the films were investigated. The PANI film was characterised using cyclic voltammetry and optical microscopy; it was covered with a dark green-yellow homopolymer film of strongly adherent homogeneous characteristic. The corrosion behaviour of steel electrodes with and without polyaniline (PANI) film in 3.5 wt-% NaCl solution was investigated through anodic polarisation curves. The results indicated that the PANI coating obtained under 0.2?mA cm^?2 was the most corrosion protective.     

Fully-coupled simulations of thermally-induced cracking in pegmatite due to microwave irradiation

Fully-coupled thermo-mechanical simulations are implemented in COMSOL Multiphysics to investigate micro-scale stress-strain variability in pegmatite specimens subjected to thermal loading using microwaves. Thermally-induced compressive and tensile stresses increase as the microwave irradiation duration increases. The dielectric constant, coefficient of expansion, and type and size of mineralogical boundary have significant impacts on the responses of the rock to microwave irradiation. The maximum principal stress of the chlorite is the smallest, indicating that the chlorite experiences the most damage under microwave irradiation, followed by the quartz. The maximum principal stress values of plagioclase and orthoclase are larger, indicating that they are likely to incur the least damage. Where quartz or chlorite is dominant, the resulting von Mises stresses are consistently higher after 120 s of microwave irradiation. The rate of generation of von Mises stresses increases most rapidly along the interface between quartz and plagioclase, and the interface between quartz and orthoclase, followed by the interface between quartz and chlorite, and finally the interface between plagioclase and orthoclase. The presented modeling approach provides a practical method to investigate stress-strain relationships within mineralogical boundaries inside a rock thin section.     

基于黏弹特性的沥青疲劳损伤演化规律分析

以疲劳过程中沥青黏弹本构模型参数的变化分析沥青的疲劳机理.首先,结合常规疲劳损伤试验和频率扫描试验设计了循环频率扫描-疲劳试验,并采用该试验测试分析了2种基质沥青在应变控制模式下的疲劳损伤演化规律;其次,建立了沥青损伤过程中黏弹参数主曲线簇变化规律,结合广义Kelvin-Voigt模型分析了沥青黏弹模型特征参数的变化规律;最后,基于敏感性分析,提出沥青疲劳损伤变量指标,并以此阐述了沥青疲劳损伤演化规律.研究发现:沥青疲劳损伤过程中,随着归一化模量值的降低,沥青黏弹参数主曲线簇均向纵坐标轴反方向移动,且其移动间距不断变化,相位角主曲线簇在高频范围内逐渐偏离低频范围时的线性趋势,复数模量-相位角主曲线簇曲线长度呈现两端先缩短后增长的趋势,沥青损耗模量-储存模量主曲线簇长度不断缩短;广义Kelvin-Voigt模型特征参数中仅E_2,E_3,E_4和η_0这4个参数存在2个明显的变化阶段.基于参数敏感性分析,提出以参数(E_2+E_3)/2作为沥青疲劳损伤变量,并验证了疲劳损伤变量变化规律与沥青疲劳裂纹扩展机制的相关性.     

Experimental and analytical investigation on seismic behavior of Q690 circular high‐strength concrete‐filled thin‐walled steel tubular columns

This paper proposed a new Q690 circular high‐strength concrete‐filled thin‐walled steel tubular (HCFTST) column comprising an ultrahigh‐strength steel tube (yield strength f_y ≥ 690 MPa). A quasi‐static cyclic loading test was conducted to examine the seismic behavior, and the obtained lateral load‐displacement hysteresis curves, skeleton curves, and ductility were analyzed in detail. Then, a numerical model based on a nonlinear fiber beam‐column element incorporating the modified uniaxial cyclic constitutive laws for concrete and steel was developed mainly to predict the seismic behavior of the tested Q690 circular HCFTST columns. The effects of the concrete cylinder compressive strength (f_c), steel yield strength (f_y), axial compression ratio (n), and diameter‐to‐thickness (D/t) ratio on the seismic behavior were investigated through a parametric study. Finally, a simplified hysteretic model incorporating the moment‐resisting capacity and deterioration of the unloading stiffness in addition to a normalized skeleton curve and hysteretic criterion was established. The results indicate the following: the proposed Q690 circular HCFTST columns can display reasonable hysteretic behaviors to some extent; the use of high‐strength steel can lead to a significantly larger elasto‐plastic deformation capacity and delay the appearance of post‐peak behavior, even if a lower ductility capacity is provided; moderately loosening the limitations on the D/t ratio can also result in ideal hysteretic behaviors; and the established numerical model and simplified hysteretic model can satisfactorily predict the experimentally observed load‐displacement hysteretic curves, including the deterioration of the strength and stiffness and can, thus, offer design references for the elasto‐plastic analysis of circular HCFTST columns.     

Parametric study of the use and optimization of tuned mass dampers to control the wind‐ and seismic‐induced responses of a slender monument

Passive energy dissipation devices have been used around the world to mitigate the response of structures under dynamic excitations, such as wind or seismic loading. The use of tuned mass dampers (TMD) in tall and slender buildings to reduce unwanted responses has proved to be very effective. The main purpose of this work is to study the structural behavior of a 115‐m‐height slender monument fitted with TMDs subjected to simulated wind and seismic loading. Turbulent wind forces were calculated based on samples of turbulent wind speed simulated with an auto regressive and moving average (ARMA) model. Ground motions compatible with a seismic site spectrum were also simulated. An optimization approach is suggested to determine the parameters of the TMDs that reduce the structural response to the maximum. The effectiveness of the TMDs for reducing the structural response of the monument is discussed in detail, and the use of optimally tuned TMDs is emphasized.     

Dynamic stress analysis for fatigue damage prognosis of long-span bridges

For fatigue damage prognosis of a long-span steel bridge, the dynamic stress analysis of critical structural components of the bridge under the future dynamic vehicle loading is essential. This paper thus presents a framework of dynamic stress analysis for fatigue damage prognosis of long-span steel bridges under the future dynamic vehicle loading. The multi-scale finite element (FE) model of the bridge is first developed using shell/plate elements to simulate the critical structural components (local models) and using beam/truss elements to simulate the rest part of the bridge (global model). With the appropriate coupling of the global and local models, the multi-scale FE model can accurately capture simultaneously not only the global behavior in terms of displacement and acceleration but also the local behavior in terms of stress and strain. A vehicle traffic load model is then developed for forecasting the future vehicle loading based on the recorded weigh-in-motion (WIM) data and using the agent-based traffic flow microsimulation. The forecasted future vehicle loading is finally applied on the multi-scale model of a real long-span cable-stayed bridge for dynamic stress analysis and fatigue damage prognosis. The obtained results show that the proposed framework is effective and accurate for dynamic stress analysis and fatigue damage prognosis.     

电动直线负载模拟系统建模与混合校正分析

为测试直线舵机的综合性能,设计了一种由永磁同步电机和滚珠丝杠副进行中间力转换的电动直线负载模拟系统,并建立了该系统的数学模型,结合系统的控制方程,分析了系统的稳定性和多余力矩产生机制,并提出了一种速度环补偿策略,有效抑制了多余力矩;为提高系统加载精度和动态性能,采用非均匀三角隶属度函数的模糊PID控制取代传统PID控制。实验结果表明:该控制算法能够提高力加载跟踪精度和系统动态性能,满足"双十指标",具有一定的工程参考价值。     

复合地基桩土应力比与褥垫层厚度关系的试验研究

采用在水泥土桩单桩复合地基载荷试验中设置不同厚度褥垫层的方法 ,将其试验结果与无褥垫层的单桩载荷试验资料进行对比分析 ,探讨了褥垫层作用下桩土应力比的分布规律 ,并得到了桩土应力比与褥垫层厚度的变化规律。该研究为褥垫层合理厚度的设置及复合地基的优化设计提供了依据。     

PHC桩在偏心荷载(横向位移)作用下的分析

本文根据材料力学原理和现行钢筋混凝土规范的规定,分析预应力混凝土管桩在偏心荷载作用下的内力和偏心距、偏心距与承载力的关系,以及偏心距的临界值等等,并对现行的预应力混凝土管桩规范谈谈个人的见解。分析结果表明:偏心承载明显地降低了桩的容许承载力,而且,桩在正常使用极限状态下所能容许的偏心距非常有限,这些特征应在预应力混凝土管桩的应用中慎重考虑。本文的分析方法可用于已产生横向位移桩的受力分析。